KESETARAAN GENDER DAN HAK PEREMPUAN: ANALISIS KRITIS TAFSIR KONTEMPORAR QS. AN-NISA: 34 DAN QS. AL-AHZAB: 35
Keywords:
Gender Equality, Women's Rights, Contemporary Exegesis, Amina Wadud, Quraish Shihab, HermeneuticsAbstract
The interpretation of religious texts regarding gender relations often becomes a point of debate in contemporary Islamic thought. Surah An-Nisa: 34 is frequently understood patriarchally to justify male dominance over women, whereas Surah Al-Ahzab: 35 emphasizes ontology and spiritual equality between men and women before Allah. This article aims to critically analyze the interpretation of these two verses by comparing the feminist/Tawhidic hermeneutical approach proposed by Amina Wadud and the contextual-plural interpretation approach offered by M. Quraish Shihab. Using a qualitative literature research method, this study finds that Amina Wadud, through her double-movement hermeneutical method, reconstructs the meaning of qawwāmūna in Surah An-Nisa: 34 not as an absolute inherent superiority, but as a conditional and contextual socio-functional duty. Meanwhile, M. Quraish Shihab strictly distinguishes between equal dignity and identical function, where Surah Al-Ahzab: 35 serves as a general normative principle of equal human dignity, while Surah An-Nisa: 34 regulates functional roles within the family sphere. The synthesis of both perspectives demonstrates that contemporary exegesis provides ample space for the promotion of women's rights without ignoring the principles of social welfare and substantive justice in the Qur'an.
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